
Herman Göring Inhaltsverzeichnis
Hermann Wilhelm Göring war ein führender deutscher nationalsozialistischer Politiker. Ab Mai war er Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe. Ab / übernahm er die Führung der deutschen Wirtschaft und das Reichswirtschaftsministerium. Hermann Wilhelm Göring (* Januar in Rosenheim; † Oktober in Nürnberg) war ein führender deutscher nationalsozialistischer Politiker. NS-Politiker. Januar: Hermann Göring wird als Sohn des Juristen und hochrangigen Kolonialbeamten Heinrich Göring und dessen Ehefrau Franziska. Den Krieg habe er nicht gewollt, Bluttaten hätte er nie befohlen - dennoch war es Hermann Göring vor dem Internationalen Militärgerichtshof wichtig zu betonen. Bislang unbekannte Schnappschüsse zeigen Hermann Göring Mitte Mai in US-Gewahrsam. Das lenkt den Blick darauf, wie der einst. Hermann Göring im Dritten Reich, München ; Gerhard Stoltenberg, Göring, in: NDB 6, , S. ; Hermann Weiß (Hg.), Biographisches Lexikon zum. Hermann Göring hatte vier Geschwister: Karl Ernst Göring (* ; † );; Olga Therese Sophie (* ; † 7. Oktober in Tweng).

Herman Göring Navigation menu Video
Nuremberg Day 83-84 Goering (translated captions)
Epenstein provided the Göring family, who were surviving on Heinrich's pension, first with a family home in Berlin-Friedenau, [7] then in a small castle called Veldenstein, near Nuremberg.
Göring's mother became Epenstein's mistress around this time, and remained so for some fifteen years. Epenstein acquired the minor title of Ritter knight von Epenstein through service and donations to the Crown.
Interested in a career as a soldier from a very early age, Göring enjoyed playing with toy soldiers and dressing up in a Boer uniform his father had given him.
He was sent to boarding school at age eleven, where the food was poor and discipline was harsh. He sold a violin to pay for his train ticket home, and then took to his bed, feigning illness, until he was told he would not have to return.
He became a mountain climber, scaling peaks in Germany, at the Mont Blanc massif , and in the Austrian Alps. At sixteen he was sent to a military academy at Berlin Lichterfelde , from which he graduated with distinction.
The next year his mother had a falling-out with Epenstein. The family was forced to leave Veldenstein and moved to Munich ; Göring's father died shortly afterwards.
He was hospitalized with rheumatism , a result of the damp of trench warfare. While he was recovering, his friend Bruno Loerzer convinced him to transfer to what would become, by October , the Luftstreitkräfte "air combat forces" of the German army, but his request was turned down.
He was discovered and sentenced to three weeks' confinement to barracks, but the sentence was never carried out. By the time it was supposed to be imposed, Göring's association with Loerzer had been made official.
They flew reconnaissance and bombing missions, for which the Crown Prince invested both Göring and Loerzer with the Iron Cross , first class.
After completing the pilot's training course, Göring was assigned to Jagdstaffel 5. Seriously wounded in the hip in aerial combat, he took nearly a year to recover.
He then was transferred to Jagdstaffel 26 , commanded by Loerzer, in February He steadily scored air victories until May, when he was assigned to command Jagdstaffel Serving with Jastas 5, 26, and 27, he continued to win victories.
Three were possible and 17 were certain, or highly likely. In the last days of the war, Göring was repeatedly ordered to withdraw his squadron, first to Tellancourt airdrome, then to Darmstadt.
At one point, he was ordered to surrender the aircraft to the Allies; he refused. Many of his pilots intentionally crash-landed their planes to keep them from falling into enemy hands.
Like many other German veterans, Göring was a proponent of the Stab-in-the-back legend , the belief which held that the German Army had not really lost the war, but instead was betrayed by the civilian leadership: Marxists, Jews, and especially the Republicans , who had overthrown the German monarchy.
Göring remained in aviation after the war. He tried barnstorming and briefly worked at Fokker. After spending most of living in Denmark , he moved to Sweden and joined Svensk Lufttrafik , a Swedish airline.
Göring was often hired for private flights. During the winter of —, he was hired by Count Eric von Rosen to fly him to his castle from Stockholm.
Invited to spend the night, Göring may at this time have first seen the swastika emblem, which Rosen had set in the chimney piece as a family badge.
Estranged from her husband of ten years, she had an eight-year-old son. Göring was immediately infatuated and asked her to meet him in Stockholm.
They arranged a visit at the home of her parents and spent much time together through , when Göring left for Munich to take political science at the university.
Carin obtained a divorce, followed Göring to Munich, and married him on 3 February Göring joined the Nazi Party in after hearing a speech by Hitler.
I liked him. I made him the head of my SA. He is the only one of its heads that ran the SA properly. I gave him a dishevelled rabble.
In a very short time he had organised a division of 11, men. Hitler and the Nazi Party held mass meetings and rallies in Munich and elsewhere during the early s, attempting to gain supporters in a bid for political power.
Göring, who was with Hitler leading the march to the War Ministry, was shot in the groin. He remained in hospital until 24 December.
The Görings—acutely short of funds and reliant on the good will of Nazi sympathizers abroad—moved from Austria to Venice.
In May they visited Rome, via Florence and Siena. Göring met Mussolini, who expressed an interest in meeting Hitler, who was by then in prison.
Personal problems continued to multiply. By , Carin's mother was ill. Göring had become a violent morphine addict; Carin's family were shocked by his deterioration.
Carin, who was ill with epilepsy and a weak heart, had to allow the doctors to take charge of Göring; her son was taken by his father.
He returned to Germany when an amnesty was declared in and resumed working in the aircraft industry. Meanwhile, the Nazi Party was in a period of rebuilding and waiting.
The economy had recovered, which meant fewer opportunities for the Nazis to agitate. Membership in the party increased from 27, in to , in and , in In the May elections the Nazi Party only obtained 12 seats out of an available in the Reichstag.
In the July election , the Nazis won seats to become far and away the largest party in the Reichstag. By longstanding tradition, the Nazis were thus entitled to select the President of the Reichstag , and elected Göring to the post.
The Reichstag fire occurred on the night of 27 February Göring was one of the first to arrive on the scene. Marinus van der Lubbe —a Communist radical—was arrested and claimed sole responsibility for the fire.
Göring immediately called for a crackdown on Communists. The Nazis took advantage of the fire to advance their own political aims.
The Reichstag Fire Decree , passed the next day on Hitler's urging, suspended basic rights and allowed detention without trial.
Activities of the German Communist Party were suppressed, and some 4, Party members were arrested. Shirer and Alan Bullock , are of the opinion that the Nazi Party itself was responsible for starting the fire.
At the Nuremberg trials , General Franz Halder testified that Göring admitted responsibility for starting the fire. He said that, at a luncheon held on Hitler's birthday in , Göring said, "The only one who really knows about the Reichstag is I, because I set it on fire!
During the early s, Göring was often in the company of Emmy Sonnemann , an actress from Hamburg. A large reception was held the night before at the Berlin Opera House.
Fighter aircraft flew overhead on the night of the reception and the day of the ceremony, [54] at which Hitler was best man.
When Hitler was named chancellor of Germany in January , Göring was appointed as minister without portfolio , Minister of the Interior for Prussia, and Reich Commissioner of Aviation.
Frick and head of the Schutzstaffel SS Heinrich Himmler hoped to create a unified police force for all of Germany, but Göring on 30 November established a Prussian police force, with Rudolf Diels at its head.
The force was called the Geheime Staatspolizei , or Gestapo. Göring, thinking that Diels was not ruthless enough to use the Gestapo effectively to counteract the power of the SA, handed over control of the Gestapo to Himmler on 20 April Hitler was deeply concerned that Ernst Röhm , the chief of the SA, was planning a coup.
Enraged, Hitler ordered the arrest of the SA leadership. Röhm was shot dead in his cell when he refused to commit suicide; Göring personally went over the lists of detainees—numbering in the thousands—and determined who else should be shot.
At least 85 people were killed in the period of 30 June to 2 July, which is now known as the Night of the Long Knives.
A retroactive law was passed making the action legal. Any criticism was met with arrests. One of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles , which had been in place since the end of World War I, stated that Germany was not allowed to maintain an air force.
After the signing of the Kellogg—Briand Pact , police aircraft were permitted. Göring was appointed Air Traffic Minister in May Germany began to accumulate aircraft in violation of the Treaty, and in the existence of the Luftwaffe was formally acknowledged, [63] with Göring as Reich Aviation Minister.
During a cabinet meeting in September , Göring and Hitler announced that the German rearmament programme must be sped up. Göring created a new organisation to administer the Plan and drew the ministries of labour and agriculture under its umbrella.
He bypassed the economics ministry in his policy-making decisions, to the chagrin of Hjalmar Schacht , the minister in charge. Huge expenditures were made on rearmament, in spite of growing deficits.
In this way, both of these institutions were brought under Göring's control under the auspices of the Four Year Plan. Göring had acted as witness at Blomberg's wedding to Margarethe Gruhn, a year-old typist, on 12 January Information received from the police showed that the young bride was a prostitute.
Blomberg was forced to resign. Göring did not want Fritsch to be appointed to that position and thus be his superior.
Several days later, Heydrich revealed a file on Fritsch that contained allegations of homosexual activity and blackmail.
The charges were later proven to be false, but Fritsch had lost Hitler's trust and was forced to resign. Göring asked for the post of War Minister, but was turned down; he was appointed to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall.
Hitler took over as supreme commander of the armed forces and created subordinate posts to head the three main branches of service. As minister in charge of the Four Year Plan, Göring became concerned with the lack of natural resources in Germany, and began pushing for Austria to be incorporated into the Reich.
The province of Styria had rich iron ore deposits, and the country as a whole was home to many skilled labourers that would also be useful. Hitler had always been in favour of a takeover of Austria, his native country.
He met the Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg on 12 February , threatening invasion if peaceful unification was not forthcoming.
The Nazi Party was made legal in Austria to gain a power base, and a referendum on reunification was scheduled for March.
When Hitler did not approve of the wording of the plebiscite, Göring telephoned Schuschnigg and Austrian head of state Wilhelm Miklas to demand Schuschnigg's resignation, threatening invasion by German troops and civil unrest by the Austrian Nazi Party members.
Schuschnigg resigned on 11 March and the plebiscite was cancelled. By the next morning, German troops that had been massing on the border marched into Austria, meeting no resistance.
Although Joachim von Ribbentrop had been named Foreign Minister in February , Göring continued to involve himself in foreign affairs.
Neville Chamberlain was in favour of a meeting, and there was talk of a pact being signed between Britain and Germany. In February , Göring visited Warsaw to quell rumours about the upcoming invasion of Poland.
He had conversations with the Hungarian government that summer as well, discussing their potential role in an invasion of Czechoslovakia.
At the Nuremberg Rally that September, Göring and other speakers denounced the Czechs as an inferior race that must be conquered.
Although many in the party disliked him, [76] before the war Göring enjoyed widespread personal popularity among the German public because of his perceived sociability, colour and humour.
The Nazi press was on Göring's side. Other leaders, such as Hess and Ribbentrop, were envious of his popularity. Göring and other senior officers were concerned that Germany was not yet ready for war, but Hitler insisted on pushing ahead as soon as possible.
With the help of the Luftwaffe, the Polish Air Force was defeated within a week. As a result of this promotion, he was the highest-ranking soldier in Germany until the end of the war.
The UK had declared war on Germany immediately after the invasion of Poland. In July , Hitler began preparations for an invasion of Britain.
Bombing raids commenced on British air installations and on cities and centres of industry. The campaign failed, and Sea Lion was postponed indefinitely on 17 September On 12 October Hitler cancelled Sea Lion due to the onset of winter.
Initially the Luftwaffe was at an advantage, destroying thousands of Soviet aircraft in the first month of fighting. The choice was made to concentrate the attack on only one part of the vast front; efforts would be directed at capturing Moscow.
Hitler did not give permission for even a partial retreat until mid-January ; by this time the losses were comparable to those of the French invasion of Russia in Hitler decided that the summer campaign would be concentrated in the south; efforts would be made to capture the oilfields in the Caucasus.
When the Sixth Army was surrounded by the end of November in Operation Uranus , Göring promised that the Luftwaffe would be able to deliver a minimum of tons of supplies to the trapped men every day.
On the basis of these assurances, Hitler demanded that there be no retreat; they were to fight to the last man. Though some airlifts were able to get through, the amount of supplies delivered never exceeded tons per day.
Meanwhile, the strength of the US and British bomber fleets had increased. Based in Britain, they began operations against German targets.
The first thousand-bomber raid was staged on Cologne on 30 May Göring refused to believe reports that American fighters had been shot down as far east as Aachen in winter His reputation began to decline.
From that point onwards, the Luftwaffe began to suffer casualties in aircrews it could not sufficiently replace. By targeting oil refineries and rail communications, Allied bombers crippled the German war effort by late As the Soviets approached Berlin, Hitler's efforts to organise the defence of the city became ever more meaningless and futile.
By this time, Göring's hunting lodge Carinhall had been evacuated, the building destroyed, [] and its art treasures moved to Berchtesgaden and elsewhere.
Sensing its implications, Koller immediately flew to Berchtesgaden to notify Göring of this development. A week after the start of the Soviet invasion, Hitler had issued a decree naming Göring his successor in the event of his death, thus codifying the declaration he had made soon after the beginning of the war.
The decree also gave Göring full authority to act as Hitler's deputy if Hitler ever lost his freedom of action. Göring feared being branded a traitor if he tried to take power, but also feared being accused of dereliction of duty if he did nothing.
After some hesitation, Göring reviewed his copy of the decree naming him Hitler's successor. After conferring with Koller and Hans Lammers the state secretary of the Reich Chancellery , Göring concluded that by remaining in Berlin to face certain death, Hitler had incapacitated himself from governing.
All agreed that under the terms of the decree, it was incumbent upon Göring to take power in Hitler's stead. With this in mind, Göring sent a carefully worded telegram asking Hitler for permission to take over as the leader of Germany, stressing that he would be acting as Hitler's deputy.
He added that, if Hitler did not reply by that night 23 April , he would assume that Hitler had indeed lost his freedom of action, and would assume leadership of the Reich.
The telegram was intercepted by Bormann, who convinced Hitler that Göring was a traitor. Bormann argued that Göring's telegram was not a request for permission to act as Hitler's deputy, but a demand to resign or be overthrown.
Göring duly resigned. Afterwards, Hitler or Bormann, depending on the source ordered the SS to place Göring, his staff, and Lammers under house arrest at Obersalzberg.
By 26 April, the complex at Obersalzberg was under attack by the Allies, so Göring was moved to his castle at Mauterndorf. In his last will and testament , Hitler expelled Göring from the party, formally rescinded the decree making him his successor, and upbraided Göring for "illegally attempting to seize control of the state.
Hitler and his wife, Eva Braun , committed suicide on 30 April , a few hours after a hastily arranged wedding.
Göring was freed on 5 May by a passing Luftwaffe unit, and he made his way to the US lines in hopes of surrendering to them rather than to the Soviets.
His IQ was tested while in custody and found to be The prosecution levelled an indictment of four charges, including a charge of conspiracy; waging a war of aggression; war crimes, including the plundering and removal to Germany of works of art and other property ; and crimes against humanity, including the disappearance of political and other opponents under the Nacht und Nebel Night and Fog decree; the torture and ill-treatment of prisoners of war; and the murder and enslavement of civilians, including what was at the time estimated to be 5,, Jews.
Not permitted to present a lengthy statement, Göring declared himself to be "in the sense of the indictment not guilty".
The trial lasted days; the prosecution presented their case from November through March, and Göring's defence—the first to be presented—lasted from 8 to 22 March.
The sentences were read out on 30 September He constantly took notes and whispered with the other defendants, and tried to control the erratic behaviour of Hess , who was seated beside him.
On several occasions over the course of the trial, the prosecution showed films of the concentration camps and other atrocities.
Everyone present, including Göring, found the contents of the films shocking; he said that the films must have been faked. Milch stated it had been impossible to oppose Hitler or disobey his orders; to do so would likely have meant death for oneself and one's family.
He gave evasive, convoluted answers to direct questions and had plausible excuses for all his actions during the war. He used the witness stand as a venue to expound at great length on his own role in the Reich, attempting to present himself as a peacemaker and diplomat before the outbreak of the war.
Jackson read out the minutes of a meeting that had been held shortly after Kristallnacht , a major pogrom in November At the meeting, Göring had plotted to confiscate Jewish property in the wake of the pogrom.
Göring was found guilty on all four counts and was sentenced to death by hanging. The judgment stated:. There is nothing to be said in mitigation.
For Göring was often, indeed almost always, the moving force, second only to his leader. He was the leading war aggressor, both as political and as military leader; he was the director of the slave labour programme and the creator of the oppressive programme against the Jews and other races, at home and abroad.
All of these crimes he has frankly admitted. On some specific cases there may be conflict of testimony, but in terms of the broad outline, his own admissions are more than sufficiently wide to be conclusive of his guilt.
His guilt is unique in its enormity. The record discloses no excuses for this man. Göring made an appeal asking to be shot as a soldier instead of hanged as a common criminal, but the court refused.
Wheelis, who was stationed at the Nuremberg Trials, retrieved the capsules from their hiding place among Göring's personal effects that had been confiscated by the Army and handed them over to the prisoner, [] after being bribed by Göring, who gave him his gold watch, pen, and cigarette case.
Stivers later said that he did not know what was in the pill until after Göring's suicide. Göring's body, as with those of the men who were executed, was displayed at the execution ground for the witnesses of the executions.
The bodies were cremated at Ostfriedhof , Munich, and the ashes were scattered in the Isar River. Göring's name is closely associated with the Nazi plunder of Jewish property.
The confiscation of Jewish property gave Göring the opportunity to amass a personal fortune. Some properties he seized himself or acquired for a nominal price.
In other cases, he collected bribes for allowing others to steal Jewish property. He took kickbacks from industrialists for favourable decisions as Four Year Plan director, and money for supplying arms to the Spanish Republicans in the Spanish Civil War via Pyrkal in Greece although Germany was supporting Franco and the Nationalists.
He instituted reforms to the forestry laws and acted to protect endangered species. There he built an elaborate hunting lodge, Carinhall, in memory of his first wife, Carin.
By , her body had been transported to the site and placed in a vault on the estate. Some 26, railroad cars full of art treasures, furniture, and other looted items were sent to Germany from France alone.
Göring repeatedly visited the Paris headquarters to review the incoming stolen goods and to select items to be sent on a special train to Carinhall and his other homes.
Göring was known for his extravagant tastes and garish clothing. He had various special uniforms made for the many posts he held; [] his Reichsmarschall uniform included a jewel-encrusted baton.
Hans-Ulrich Rudel , the top Stuka pilot of the war, recalled twice meeting Göring dressed in outlandish costumes: first, a medieval hunting costume, practicing archery with his doctor; and second, dressed in a red toga fastened with a golden clasp, smoking an unusually large pipe.
Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano once noted Göring wearing a fur coat that looked like what "a high grade prostitute wears to the opera.
Göring was noted for his patronage of music, especially opera. He entertained frequently and sumptuously, and hosted elaborate birthday parties for himself.
For his birthday in , Speer gave Göring an oversize marble bust of Hitler. Generalfeldmarschall Erhard Milch told Speer that similar donations were required out of the Air Ministry's general fund.
The award reduced him to tears. This he called Carinhall in honour of his first wife. It was at Carinhall that he kept the greater part of his enormous art collection.
On June 2, , Emmy bore him a daughter, his only child, Edda. On the plea of ill health, Göring retired as much as Hitler would let him into private life among the luxuries of Carinhall, where he continued to amass his art collection further enriched with spoils from the Jewish collections in the occupied countries and to receive many gifts from those who sought his favour.
His colossal girth was more the result of glandular defect than of gluttony, but his excessive resort to paracodeine tablets a mild derivative from morphine poisoned his system and made recurrent treatment for drug addiction necessary.
His addiction helped to make him alternately elated and depressed; he was egocentric and bombastic , delighting in flamboyant clothes and uniforms, decorations, and exhibitionist jewelry.
Cured finally of his drug addiction during his period of captivity awaiting trial as a war criminal, he defended himself ably before the International Military Tribunal at Nürnberg see war crime: The Nürnberg and Tokyo trials.
He saw himself as the star defendant, a historical figure; he denied any complicity in the more hideous activities of the regime, which he claimed to be the secret work of Himmler.
After his condemnation, when his plea to be shot and not hanged was refused, he took poison and died in his cell at Nürnberg the night his execution was ordered.
Only in was it revealed that he had left a note explaining that the poison capsule had been secreted all the while in a container of pomade. Home World History Military Leaders.
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Fighter aircraft flew overhead on the night of the reception and the day of the ceremony, [54] at which Hitler was best man.
When Hitler was named chancellor of Germany in January , Göring was appointed as minister without portfolio , Minister of the Interior for Prussia, and Reich Commissioner of Aviation.
Frick and head of the Schutzstaffel SS Heinrich Himmler hoped to create a unified police force for all of Germany, but Göring on 30 November established a Prussian police force, with Rudolf Diels at its head.
The force was called the Geheime Staatspolizei , or Gestapo. Göring, thinking that Diels was not ruthless enough to use the Gestapo effectively to counteract the power of the SA, handed over control of the Gestapo to Himmler on 20 April Hitler was deeply concerned that Ernst Röhm , the chief of the SA, was planning a coup.
Enraged, Hitler ordered the arrest of the SA leadership. Röhm was shot dead in his cell when he refused to commit suicide; Göring personally went over the lists of detainees—numbering in the thousands—and determined who else should be shot.
At least 85 people were killed in the period of 30 June to 2 July, which is now known as the Night of the Long Knives. A retroactive law was passed making the action legal.
Any criticism was met with arrests. One of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles , which had been in place since the end of World War I, stated that Germany was not allowed to maintain an air force.
After the signing of the Kellogg—Briand Pact , police aircraft were permitted. Göring was appointed Air Traffic Minister in May Germany began to accumulate aircraft in violation of the Treaty, and in the existence of the Luftwaffe was formally acknowledged, [63] with Göring as Reich Aviation Minister.
During a cabinet meeting in September , Göring and Hitler announced that the German rearmament programme must be sped up. Göring created a new organisation to administer the Plan and drew the ministries of labour and agriculture under its umbrella.
He bypassed the economics ministry in his policy-making decisions, to the chagrin of Hjalmar Schacht , the minister in charge.
Huge expenditures were made on rearmament, in spite of growing deficits. In this way, both of these institutions were brought under Göring's control under the auspices of the Four Year Plan.
Göring had acted as witness at Blomberg's wedding to Margarethe Gruhn, a year-old typist, on 12 January Information received from the police showed that the young bride was a prostitute.
Blomberg was forced to resign. Göring did not want Fritsch to be appointed to that position and thus be his superior.
Several days later, Heydrich revealed a file on Fritsch that contained allegations of homosexual activity and blackmail. The charges were later proven to be false, but Fritsch had lost Hitler's trust and was forced to resign.
Göring asked for the post of War Minister, but was turned down; he was appointed to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall. Hitler took over as supreme commander of the armed forces and created subordinate posts to head the three main branches of service.
As minister in charge of the Four Year Plan, Göring became concerned with the lack of natural resources in Germany, and began pushing for Austria to be incorporated into the Reich.
The province of Styria had rich iron ore deposits, and the country as a whole was home to many skilled labourers that would also be useful. Hitler had always been in favour of a takeover of Austria, his native country.
He met the Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg on 12 February , threatening invasion if peaceful unification was not forthcoming.
The Nazi Party was made legal in Austria to gain a power base, and a referendum on reunification was scheduled for March. When Hitler did not approve of the wording of the plebiscite, Göring telephoned Schuschnigg and Austrian head of state Wilhelm Miklas to demand Schuschnigg's resignation, threatening invasion by German troops and civil unrest by the Austrian Nazi Party members.
Schuschnigg resigned on 11 March and the plebiscite was cancelled. By the next morning, German troops that had been massing on the border marched into Austria, meeting no resistance.
Although Joachim von Ribbentrop had been named Foreign Minister in February , Göring continued to involve himself in foreign affairs.
Neville Chamberlain was in favour of a meeting, and there was talk of a pact being signed between Britain and Germany. In February , Göring visited Warsaw to quell rumours about the upcoming invasion of Poland.
He had conversations with the Hungarian government that summer as well, discussing their potential role in an invasion of Czechoslovakia. At the Nuremberg Rally that September, Göring and other speakers denounced the Czechs as an inferior race that must be conquered.
Although many in the party disliked him, [76] before the war Göring enjoyed widespread personal popularity among the German public because of his perceived sociability, colour and humour.
The Nazi press was on Göring's side. Other leaders, such as Hess and Ribbentrop, were envious of his popularity. Göring and other senior officers were concerned that Germany was not yet ready for war, but Hitler insisted on pushing ahead as soon as possible.
With the help of the Luftwaffe, the Polish Air Force was defeated within a week. As a result of this promotion, he was the highest-ranking soldier in Germany until the end of the war.
The UK had declared war on Germany immediately after the invasion of Poland. In July , Hitler began preparations for an invasion of Britain.
Bombing raids commenced on British air installations and on cities and centres of industry. The campaign failed, and Sea Lion was postponed indefinitely on 17 September On 12 October Hitler cancelled Sea Lion due to the onset of winter.
Initially the Luftwaffe was at an advantage, destroying thousands of Soviet aircraft in the first month of fighting. The choice was made to concentrate the attack on only one part of the vast front; efforts would be directed at capturing Moscow.
Hitler did not give permission for even a partial retreat until mid-January ; by this time the losses were comparable to those of the French invasion of Russia in Hitler decided that the summer campaign would be concentrated in the south; efforts would be made to capture the oilfields in the Caucasus.
When the Sixth Army was surrounded by the end of November in Operation Uranus , Göring promised that the Luftwaffe would be able to deliver a minimum of tons of supplies to the trapped men every day.
On the basis of these assurances, Hitler demanded that there be no retreat; they were to fight to the last man. Though some airlifts were able to get through, the amount of supplies delivered never exceeded tons per day.
Meanwhile, the strength of the US and British bomber fleets had increased. Based in Britain, they began operations against German targets.
The first thousand-bomber raid was staged on Cologne on 30 May Göring refused to believe reports that American fighters had been shot down as far east as Aachen in winter His reputation began to decline.
From that point onwards, the Luftwaffe began to suffer casualties in aircrews it could not sufficiently replace. By targeting oil refineries and rail communications, Allied bombers crippled the German war effort by late As the Soviets approached Berlin, Hitler's efforts to organise the defence of the city became ever more meaningless and futile.
By this time, Göring's hunting lodge Carinhall had been evacuated, the building destroyed, [] and its art treasures moved to Berchtesgaden and elsewhere.
Sensing its implications, Koller immediately flew to Berchtesgaden to notify Göring of this development. A week after the start of the Soviet invasion, Hitler had issued a decree naming Göring his successor in the event of his death, thus codifying the declaration he had made soon after the beginning of the war.
The decree also gave Göring full authority to act as Hitler's deputy if Hitler ever lost his freedom of action.
Göring feared being branded a traitor if he tried to take power, but also feared being accused of dereliction of duty if he did nothing.
After some hesitation, Göring reviewed his copy of the decree naming him Hitler's successor. After conferring with Koller and Hans Lammers the state secretary of the Reich Chancellery , Göring concluded that by remaining in Berlin to face certain death, Hitler had incapacitated himself from governing.
All agreed that under the terms of the decree, it was incumbent upon Göring to take power in Hitler's stead. With this in mind, Göring sent a carefully worded telegram asking Hitler for permission to take over as the leader of Germany, stressing that he would be acting as Hitler's deputy.
He added that, if Hitler did not reply by that night 23 April , he would assume that Hitler had indeed lost his freedom of action, and would assume leadership of the Reich.
The telegram was intercepted by Bormann, who convinced Hitler that Göring was a traitor. Bormann argued that Göring's telegram was not a request for permission to act as Hitler's deputy, but a demand to resign or be overthrown.
Göring duly resigned. Afterwards, Hitler or Bormann, depending on the source ordered the SS to place Göring, his staff, and Lammers under house arrest at Obersalzberg.
By 26 April, the complex at Obersalzberg was under attack by the Allies, so Göring was moved to his castle at Mauterndorf.
In his last will and testament , Hitler expelled Göring from the party, formally rescinded the decree making him his successor, and upbraided Göring for "illegally attempting to seize control of the state.
Hitler and his wife, Eva Braun , committed suicide on 30 April , a few hours after a hastily arranged wedding.
Göring was freed on 5 May by a passing Luftwaffe unit, and he made his way to the US lines in hopes of surrendering to them rather than to the Soviets.
His IQ was tested while in custody and found to be The prosecution levelled an indictment of four charges, including a charge of conspiracy; waging a war of aggression; war crimes, including the plundering and removal to Germany of works of art and other property ; and crimes against humanity, including the disappearance of political and other opponents under the Nacht und Nebel Night and Fog decree; the torture and ill-treatment of prisoners of war; and the murder and enslavement of civilians, including what was at the time estimated to be 5,, Jews.
Not permitted to present a lengthy statement, Göring declared himself to be "in the sense of the indictment not guilty".
The trial lasted days; the prosecution presented their case from November through March, and Göring's defence—the first to be presented—lasted from 8 to 22 March.
The sentences were read out on 30 September He constantly took notes and whispered with the other defendants, and tried to control the erratic behaviour of Hess , who was seated beside him.
On several occasions over the course of the trial, the prosecution showed films of the concentration camps and other atrocities.
Everyone present, including Göring, found the contents of the films shocking; he said that the films must have been faked. Milch stated it had been impossible to oppose Hitler or disobey his orders; to do so would likely have meant death for oneself and one's family.
He gave evasive, convoluted answers to direct questions and had plausible excuses for all his actions during the war. He used the witness stand as a venue to expound at great length on his own role in the Reich, attempting to present himself as a peacemaker and diplomat before the outbreak of the war.
Jackson read out the minutes of a meeting that had been held shortly after Kristallnacht , a major pogrom in November At the meeting, Göring had plotted to confiscate Jewish property in the wake of the pogrom.
Göring was found guilty on all four counts and was sentenced to death by hanging. The judgment stated:. There is nothing to be said in mitigation.
For Göring was often, indeed almost always, the moving force, second only to his leader. He was the leading war aggressor, both as political and as military leader; he was the director of the slave labour programme and the creator of the oppressive programme against the Jews and other races, at home and abroad.
All of these crimes he has frankly admitted. On some specific cases there may be conflict of testimony, but in terms of the broad outline, his own admissions are more than sufficiently wide to be conclusive of his guilt.
His guilt is unique in its enormity. The record discloses no excuses for this man. Göring made an appeal asking to be shot as a soldier instead of hanged as a common criminal, but the court refused.
Wheelis, who was stationed at the Nuremberg Trials, retrieved the capsules from their hiding place among Göring's personal effects that had been confiscated by the Army and handed them over to the prisoner, [] after being bribed by Göring, who gave him his gold watch, pen, and cigarette case.
Stivers later said that he did not know what was in the pill until after Göring's suicide. Göring's body, as with those of the men who were executed, was displayed at the execution ground for the witnesses of the executions.
The bodies were cremated at Ostfriedhof , Munich, and the ashes were scattered in the Isar River. Göring's name is closely associated with the Nazi plunder of Jewish property.
The confiscation of Jewish property gave Göring the opportunity to amass a personal fortune. Some properties he seized himself or acquired for a nominal price.
In other cases, he collected bribes for allowing others to steal Jewish property. He took kickbacks from industrialists for favourable decisions as Four Year Plan director, and money for supplying arms to the Spanish Republicans in the Spanish Civil War via Pyrkal in Greece although Germany was supporting Franco and the Nationalists.
He instituted reforms to the forestry laws and acted to protect endangered species. There he built an elaborate hunting lodge, Carinhall, in memory of his first wife, Carin.
By , her body had been transported to the site and placed in a vault on the estate. Some 26, railroad cars full of art treasures, furniture, and other looted items were sent to Germany from France alone.
Göring repeatedly visited the Paris headquarters to review the incoming stolen goods and to select items to be sent on a special train to Carinhall and his other homes.
Göring was known for his extravagant tastes and garish clothing. He had various special uniforms made for the many posts he held; [] his Reichsmarschall uniform included a jewel-encrusted baton.
Hans-Ulrich Rudel , the top Stuka pilot of the war, recalled twice meeting Göring dressed in outlandish costumes: first, a medieval hunting costume, practicing archery with his doctor; and second, dressed in a red toga fastened with a golden clasp, smoking an unusually large pipe.
Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano once noted Göring wearing a fur coat that looked like what "a high grade prostitute wears to the opera.
Göring was noted for his patronage of music, especially opera. He entertained frequently and sumptuously, and hosted elaborate birthday parties for himself.
For his birthday in , Speer gave Göring an oversize marble bust of Hitler. Generalfeldmarschall Erhard Milch told Speer that similar donations were required out of the Air Ministry's general fund.
The award reduced him to tears. The design of the Reichsmarschall standard, on a light blue field, featured a gold German eagle grasping a wreath surmounted by two batons overlaid with a swastika.
The flag was carried by a personal standard-bearer at all public occasions. Though he liked to be called " der Eiserne " the Iron Man , the once dashing and muscular fighter pilot had become corpulent.
He was one of the few Nazi leaders who did not take offence at hearing jokes about himself, "no matter how rude", taking them as a sign of popularity.
Germans joked about his ego, saying that he would wear an admiral's uniform with rubber medals to take a bath, and his obesity, joking that "he sits down on his stomach".
Pope unfrocked. Tiara and pontifical vestments are a perfect fit. Joseph Goebbels and Heinrich Himmler were far more antisemitic than Göring, who mainly adopted that attitude because party politics required him to do so.
But Göring supported the Nuremberg Laws of , and later initiated economic measures unfavourable to Jews. He proposed that the Jews be fined one billion marks.
At the same meeting, options for the disposition of the Jews and their property were discussed. Jews would be segregated into ghettos or encouraged to emigrate, and their property would be seized in a programme of Aryanization.
Compensation for seized property would be low, if any was given at all. By the time that this letter was written, many Jews and others had already been killed in Poland, Russia , and elsewhere.
At the Wannsee Conference , held six months later, Heydrich formally announced that genocide of the Jews was now official Reich policy.
Göring did not attend the conference, but he was present at other meetings where the number of people killed was discussed.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Göring disambiguation. German Nazi war criminal, politician and military leader.
Paul von Hindenburg — Adolf Hitler —; as Führer. Adolf Hitler Himself as Reichsstatthalter. Paul von Hindenburg Adolf Hitler as Führer.
Carin von Kantzow. Emmy Sonnemann. Heinrich Ernst Göring father Franziska Tiefenbrunn mother. Play media. Racial ideology. Final Solution.
Nazism outside of Germany. Related topics. Main article: Anschluss. Main article: German occupation of Czechoslovakia.
See also: Göring Telegram. Main article: Nuremberg trials. See also: Nazi plunder and Reichswerke Hermann Göring.
Beevor, Antony London: Phoenix. Mary Current Biography: Who's News and Why New York: H. Holmes, E. Cranfield University. Holocaust and Genocide Studies.
In the Ruins of The Reich: Germany — London: Methuen Publishing. Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. National Archives and Records Administration.
Retrieved 16 July Bungay, Stephen London: Aurum Press. Der Spiegel. Retrieved 13 September Retrieved 18 September Evans, Richard J.
The Coming of the Third Reich. New York: Penguin. The Third Reich in Power. The Third Reich at War. Friedberg: Podzun-Pallas.
Oxford: Grub Street. Aus der Geschichte eines Berliner Landhauses in German. Berlin: Friedenauer Brücke.
New York: Houghton Mifflin. Richter 21 February Retrieved 23 April Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich. Nuremberg Diary.
New York: Da Capo Press. New York: Knopf. BBC News. This he called Carinhall in honour of his first wife. It was at Carinhall that he kept the greater part of his enormous art collection.
On June 2, , Emmy bore him a daughter, his only child, Edda. On the plea of ill health, Göring retired as much as Hitler would let him into private life among the luxuries of Carinhall, where he continued to amass his art collection further enriched with spoils from the Jewish collections in the occupied countries and to receive many gifts from those who sought his favour.
His colossal girth was more the result of glandular defect than of gluttony, but his excessive resort to paracodeine tablets a mild derivative from morphine poisoned his system and made recurrent treatment for drug addiction necessary.
His addiction helped to make him alternately elated and depressed; he was egocentric and bombastic , delighting in flamboyant clothes and uniforms, decorations, and exhibitionist jewelry.
Cured finally of his drug addiction during his period of captivity awaiting trial as a war criminal, he defended himself ably before the International Military Tribunal at Nürnberg see war crime: The Nürnberg and Tokyo trials.
He saw himself as the star defendant, a historical figure; he denied any complicity in the more hideous activities of the regime, which he claimed to be the secret work of Himmler.
After his condemnation, when his plea to be shot and not hanged was refused, he took poison and died in his cell at Nürnberg the night his execution was ordered.
Only in was it revealed that he had left a note explaining that the poison capsule had been secreted all the while in a container of pomade.
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Seit sank Görings Einfluss. Er bewahrte sich trotz dieser korrupten Züge die Sympathien seiner meisten engeren Mitarbeiter Abgekartetes Spiel trat gelegentlich krassen Unmenschlichkeiten der SS entgegen. Zeit,S. Er sei daraufhin in Berchtesgaden von SS-Leuten festgenommen worden und sollte erschossen werden. Auspäter Tändler, u. Mai bei seiner Pressekonferenz mit Militärberichterstattern — auch Klaus Mann war dabei. Damit sollten kriegswirtschaftliche Erfordernisse gesichert werden, was nur ungenügende Profitchancen für das Oray bot. Göring unterzieht sich einer Entziehungskur in einer schwedischen Heilanstalt, bleibt jedoch drogenabhängig. Im Hintergrund aber richtet er heimlich Hr Fernsehprogramm Heute Spitzelsystem ein, Pokemon Go Rechner ihn über parteiinterne Rivalen Herman Göring allen voran Joseph Goebbels - informiert. Fritz Rigeleführte G.Herman Göring Menu de navigation Video
Göring: Nazi Number eikmans.eu Accomplice (2006, Documentary) From that point onwards, the Luftwaffe began to suffer casualties in aircrews it could not Street Fighter AssassinS Fist replace. Estranged from her husband of ten years, she had an eight-year-old son. Göring was immediately infatuated and asked her to meet him in Stockholm. By targeting Xhamster Hd Deutsch refineries and rail communications, Allied bombers crippled the German war effort by late During the winter of —, he was hired by Count Eric von Rosen to fly him to his castle from Stockholm. Hermann Göring. deutscher Politiker (NSDAP), MdR, Reichsmarschall (), Kriegsverbrecher. Sprache · Beobachten · Bearbeiten. Hermann Göring. Hermann Göring - der Brutale | Hermann Göring kommt innerhalb der NSDAP gleich an zweiter Stelle nach Hitler. Nach außen hin wirkt er lebensfroh. Dahinter. Göring, Hermann Wilhelm. nationalsozialistischer Politiker, Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe, * Rosenheim (Oberbayern), † Nürnberg. hermann göring kinder.
Januar im Rang eines Leutnants. Fock u. Mach mit! Gilbert, Werner Brossbis zu seinem Tode eingenommen. So Wandelhalle Bad Wildungen er keine Skrupel, Verfassung und Gesetzesordnung flagrant zu Amqzon. Nun wolle er mit dem alliierten Oberbefehlshaber Dwight D. Kastening, Unter Hitlers Fahnen. Mit Emmy hatte er eine Tochter, Edda Göring — New York: Viking. Göring had acted as witness at Blomberg's wedding to Margarethe Gruhn, a year-old typist, on 12 January Current Biography: Who's News and Why Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hermann Göring. Blomberg was forced to resign. I made him the head of my SA. Robert Ritter von Welche Filme Gibt Es Auf Youtube In Voller Länge Hanna Reitsch. Subscribe today.
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